Kuti mumvetse kutayikira kwapampu ya centrifugal, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kaye kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka pampu ya centrifugal.Pamene kutuluka kumalowa kudzera mu diso lochititsa chidwi la mpope ndikukwera pamwamba pa zitsulo zopangira mpweya, madzimadzi amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri.Pamene kuthamanga kumadutsa mu volute, kuthamanga kumawonjezeka ndipo kuthamanga kumawonjezeka.Kuthamanga kumatuluka kudzera muzitsulo, panthawi yomwe kuthamanga kumakhala kwakukulu koma kuthamanga kumachepa.Mpoonya buyo bwiinga mupope bulakonzya kuzwa mubusena bwakusaanguna.Pampu imapereka mutu (kapena kuthamanga), kutanthauza kuti imawonjezera mphamvu yamadzimadzi a pampu.
Kulephera kwina kwa pampu yapakati, monga kulumikiza, ma hydraulic, static joints, ndi ma bearings, kumapangitsa kuti dongosolo lonselo lilephereke, koma pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana la kulephera kwa mpope kumabwera chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa chipangizo chosindikizira.
KUFUNIKA KWA ZIZINDIKIRO ZA MACHINICAL
Chisindikizo cha makina ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kutayikira pakati pa shaft yozungulira ndi chombo chodzaza madzi kapena gasi.Udindo wake waukulu ndikuwongolera kutayikira.Zisindikizo zonse zimatayikira - ziyenera kutero kuti zisungidwe filimu yamadzimadzi pa nkhope yonse yosindikizira.Kutayikira komwe kumatuluka mbali ya mumlengalenga ndikotsika kwambiri;kutayikira kwa Hydrocarbon, mwachitsanzo, kumayesedwa ndi mita ya VOC m'magawo/miliyoni.
Asanapangidwe zosindikizira zamakina, mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amasindikiza pampu ndi zotengera zamakina.Makina olongedza, zinthu zokhala ndi ulusi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi mafuta monga graphite, zidadulidwa m'zigawo ndikuyika zomwe zimatchedwa "bokosi loyikamo."Packing gland ndiye adawonjezedwa ku
kumbuyo kuti anyamule chilichonse.Popeza kulongedza kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi shaft, kumafuna mafuta, koma kumabera mphamvu zamahatchi.
Kawirikawiri "mphete ya nyali" imalola kuti madzi osungunula agwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula.Madzi amenewo, ofunikira kuti azipaka mafuta ndi kuziziritsa shaft, amadumphira mkati mwa njirayo kapena mumlengalenga.Kutengera pulogalamu yanu, mungafunike:
• atsogolereni madzi otaya panjira kuti asaipitsidwe.
letsa madzi otuluka kuti asasonkhanitsidwe pansi (kupopera mankhwala), zomwe ndi nkhawa ya OSHA komanso yosamalira m'nyumba.
tetezani bokosilo ku madzi otaya, omwe amatha kuyipitsa mafuta ndipo pamapeto pake angayambitse kulephera.
Mofanana ndi pampu iliyonse, mudzafuna kuyesa mpope wanu kuti mudziwe ndalama zomwe zimafunika kuti zitheke.Pampu yonyamula katundu ikhoza kukhala yotsika mtengo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, koma ngati muwerengetsa magaloni angati a madzi omwe amadya pamphindi kapena chaka, mungadabwe ndi mtengo wake.Pampu yosindikizira yamakina imatha kukupulumutsirani ndalama zambiri pachaka.
Poganizira za geometry ya chisindikizo chamakina, paliponse pomwe pali gasket kapena mphete ya o, pamakhala malo otayikira:
· Chovala chophwanyika, chonyeka, kapena chopindika (kapena gasket) pomwe chosindikizira chimayenda.
· Kudetsedwa kapena kuipitsidwa pakati pa zisindikizo zamakina.
· Kugwira ntchito mopanda mapangidwe mkati mwa zisindikizo zamakina.
MITUNDU ISANU YAKUSINTHA ZIMAKHALA ZINA
Ngati pampu ya centrifugal ikuwonetsa kudontha kosalamulirika, muyenera kuyang'ana zonse zomwe zingayambitse kuti muwone ngati mukufuna kukonza kapena kuyika kwatsopano.
1. Kulephera kwa Ntchito
Kunyalanyaza Malo Othandiza Kwambiri: Kodi mukugwiritsa ntchito mpope pa Best Efficiency Point (BEP) pamapindikira?Pampu iliyonse idapangidwa ndi a
yeniyeni Efficiency Point.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpope kunja kwa dera limenelo, mumapanga mavuto ndi kutuluka komwe kumapangitsa kuti dongosololo lilephereke.
Insufficient Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH): Ngati mulibe mutu wokwanira woyamwa pampopi yanu, msonkhano wozungulira ukhoza kukhala wosakhazikika, umayambitsa cavitation, ndipo umapangitsa kuti chisindikizo chilephereke.
Kugwira Ntchito Yamutu Wakufa: Ngati muyika valavu yowongolera yotsika kwambiri kuti ipangitse mpope, mutha kutsamwitsa kutuluka kwake.Kuthamanga kotsamwitsidwa kumapangitsa kuti pampu ibwerenso, zomwe zimatulutsa kutentha komanso kumapangitsa kuti chisindikizo chilephereke.
Dry Running & Molakwika Venting ya Chisindikizo: Pampu yoyimirira ndiyomwe imavutikira kwambiri popeza chisindikizo cha makina chimakhala pamwamba.Ngati mulibe mpweya wokwanira, mpweya ukhoza kutsekeka mozungulira chisindikizocho ndipo sungathe kutulutsa bokosilo.Chisindikizo cha makina chidzalephera posachedwapa ngati pampu ikupitirizabe kuyenda motere.
Mphepete mwa Mpweya Wotsika: Awa ndi madzi akuthwanima;ma hydrocarbons otentha amatha kung'anima atakumana ndi mlengalenga.Pamene filimu yamadzimadzi imadutsa pa chisindikizo cha makina, imatha kung'anima kumbali ya mumlengalenga ndikupangitsa kulephera.Kulephera kumeneku kumachitika nthawi zambiri ndi makina opangira chakudya cha boiler-madzi otentha pa 250-280ºF kung'anima ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kumaso a chisindikizo.
2. Kulephera Kwamakina
Kusalinganika bwino kwa shaft, kusalinganika kophatikizana, ndi kusalinganika kwa ma shaft onse kungayambitse kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha makina.Kuonjezera apo, pompayo ikayikidwa, ngati muli ndi mapaipi olakwika omwe atsekedwa kwa iwo, mudzapereka zovuta zambiri pa mpope.Muyeneranso kupewa maziko oyipa: Kodi mazikowo ndi otetezeka?Kodi yadulidwa bwino?Kodi muli ndi phazi lofewa?Kodi amakutidwa bwino?Ndipo potsiriza, fufuzani mayendedwe.Ngati kulolerana kwa ma bereti kumakhala kocheperako, ma shaft amasuntha ndikuyambitsa kugwedezeka pampopu.
3. Kulephera kwa Chisindikizo Chachigawo
Kodi muli ndi gulu labwino la tribological (kafukufuku wa kukangana)?Kodi mwasankha zosakaniza zoyang'ana zolondola?Nanga bwanji za mtundu wa chisindikizo cha nkhope?Kodi zida zanu ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwanuko?Kodi mwasankha zisindikizo zoyenera zachiwiri, monga ma gaskets ndi o-rings, zomwe zimakonzekera kuukira kwa mankhwala ndi kutentha?Akasupe anu asamatseke kapena kuti mavuvu anu akhale ndi dzimbiri.Pomaliza, yang'anirani kupotoza kwa nkhope chifukwa cha kukanikiza kapena kutentha, popeza chisindikizo chomakina kwambiri chimagwada, ndipo mawonekedwe okhotakhota amatha kutayikira.
4. Zolephera Zopanga Kachitidwe
Mufunika makonzedwe oyenera a chisindikizo, komanso kuziziritsa kokwanira.Makina apawiri ali ndi madzi otchinga;mphika wothandizira wosindikizira uyenera kukhala pamalo oyenera, ndi zida zolondola komanso mapaipi.Muyenera kuganizira Utali wa Chitoliro Chowongoka pa Suction—mapampu ena akale omwe nthawi zambiri amabwera ngati skid yopakidwa amakhala ndi chigongono cha 90º pakuyamwa pomwe kutuluka kwake kusanalowe m'diso.Chigongono chimayambitsa chipwirikiti choyenda chomwe chimapangitsa kusakhazikika pagulu lozungulira.Mapaipi onse oyamwa / otulutsa ndi odutsa amayenera kupangidwanso moyenera, makamaka ngati mapaipi ena akonzedwa pakapita zaka zambiri.
5. Zina Zonse
Zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana zimangochititsa pafupifupi 8 peresenti ya zolephera zonse.Mwachitsanzo, machitidwe othandizira nthawi zina amafunika kuti apereke malo ovomerezeka ogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira.Ponena za machitidwe apawiri, mumafunika madzi othandizira kuti akhale ngati chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kuipitsidwa kapena kupanga madzimadzi kuti asatayikire ku chilengedwe.Komabe, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, kuyang'ana limodzi mwa magawo anayi oyambirira kudzakhala ndi yankho lomwe akufuna.
MAWU OTSIRIZA
Zisindikizo zamakina ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudalirika kwa zida zozungulira.Ndiwo omwe amayambitsa kutayikira ndi kulephera kwa dongosolo, koma amawonetsanso zovuta zomwe pamapeto pake zitha kuwononga kwambiri msewu.Kudalirika kwa chisindikizo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a chisindikizo ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
Wolemba Frank Rotello, injiniya wamakina wa Cummins-Wagner Co.,Inc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-04-2022